Eventually, the economic boom created by the Fed's actions is found to be unsustainable, and the bust ensues as this malinvested capital manifests itself in a surplus of capital goods, inventory overhangs, etc. Until these misdirected resources are put to a more productive use—the uses the free market actually desires—the economy stagnates.
Pretty standard Hayekian interpretation. It sounds logical, but I haven't seen much actual evidence. (HT: KPC)
On the other hand, Scott Sumner presents lots of evidence for a different story. It is pretty interesting: his data suggests that it was tight money, not inflation, that caused the recession. Good, short talk.
Bottom line: economics is hard.
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